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500 nm the wavelength of visible light. A microscope is LIMITED TO
this size. It cannot see anything smaller.

To see anything smaller than 500 nm, needs an electron microscope, or better yet a Scanning tunneling microscope.
0.1 mm The smallest objects that the unaided human eye can see.
The most powerful light microscopes can resolve bacteria but not viruses.

AFM (Atomic force microscope)
STM (Scanning tunneling microscope)
SEM (scanning electron microscope)


One nanometer (nm) is one billionth, or 10^ -9, of a meter.
0.12–0.15 nm carbon-carbon bond lengths, or the spacing between these atoms in a molecule
0.10–0.25 nm: Hydrogen, the smallest atom diameter

0.8 nm Amino Acid
  2 nm DNA's double-helix diameter
  2 nm Diameter of a DNA Alpha helix
  4 nm Globular Protein
  6 nm microfilaments
7 nm thickness cell membranes
20 nm Ribosome
25 nm Microtubule
30 nm Small virus (Picornaviruses)
50 nm Nuclear pore
100 nm HIV
120 nm Large virus (Orthomyxoviruses, includes influenza virus)
150-250 nm Very large virus (Rhabdoviruses, Paramyxoviruses)
150-250 nm small bacteria such as Mycoplasma

200 nm: The length of the smallest cellular life-form, the bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma
200 nm Centriole
200 nm (200 to 500 nm) Lysosomes
200 nm (200 to 500 nm) Peroxisomes
800 nm giant virus Mimivirus

1000 nm = 1 µm (micrometer)
  1 µm Diameter of human nerve cell process
  2 µm E.coli - a bacterium
  3 µm Mitochondrion
  5 µm length of chloroplast
  6 µm (3 - 10 micrometers) the Nucleus
  9 µm Human red blood cell
10 µm
(10 - 30 µm) Most Eukaryotic animal cells
(10 - 100 µm) Most Eukaryotic plant cells
90 µm small Amoeba
100 µm Human Egg
up to 500 µm  giant bacterium Thiomargarita
up to 800 µm  large Amoeba

Scientists usually describe the length of DNA using a unit called kb or kbp.
One kb is 1000 base pairs, the base pair being the basic repeating nucleotide unit of the DNA chain.
Each base pair has a length of 0.33 nm.
Plasmid DNA might have a length of 1-200 kb, or 0.33 nm to 66 nm.
Bacterial chromosomal DNA length would be perhaps 3800 kb, or 1300 nm (1.3 microns).
The length of human chromosome number 1 DNA is 200,000 kb, or 67,000 nm (67 microns).

3,000,000,000nm (3.0 m)  A Human cell's DNA totals about 3 meters in length. (Totaling base pairs (bp) of DNA in 46 chromosomes (22 autosome pairs + 2 sex chromosomes)


Tracking the unreported (15.6%) unemployed

Homeownership rate in America is now at its lowest level in nearly 18 years.

Today, more than a million public school students in the United States are homeless.  This is the first time that has ever happened in our history.

THE NEW WELFARE MAP | Everything You Do Not Want To Know

More than 56,000 manufacturing facilities in the United States have been permanently shut down since 2001.

There are less Americans working in manufacturing today than there was in 1950 even though the population of the country has more than doubled since then.

According to the Economic Policy Institute, the United States is losing half a million jobs to China every single year.

1985: our trade deficit with China was approximately 6 million dollars for that year.
2012: our trade deficit with China was 315 billion dollars. That's the largest trade deficit that one nation has had with another nation in the history of the world.

When NAFTA was pushed through Congress in 1993, the United States had a trade surplus with Mexico of 1.6 billion dollars.  By 2010, we had a trade deficit with Mexico of 61.6 billion dollars.

In 1980, the U.S. national debt was less than one trillion dollars.  Today, it is rapidly approaching 17 trillion dollars.

In 1970, the total amount of debt in the United States (government debt + business debt + consumer debt, etc.) was less than 2 trillion dollars.  Today it is over 56 trillion dollars...

Small business is rapidly dying in America.  At this point, only about 7 percent of all non-farm workers in the United States are self-employed.  That is an all-time record low.

According to the World Bank, U.S. GDP accounted for 31.8 percent of all global economic activity in 2001.  That number dropped to 21.6 percent in 2011.

According to The Economist, the United States was the best place in the world to be born into back in 1988.  Today, the United States is only tied for 16th place.





Isn't that Impossible?
This is the same thing that microscopic cellular biologicals do; rip appropriate supplies apart into what they need & rebuild the materials.
If you're still saying no,
you'd have to argue with Richard Feynman, one of the Manhattan Project physicists,
who Einstein loved to argue with, because he loved Physics, not kowtowing to a celebrity name.

This is the Nobel prize winner who was given a Presidential Commission on the
Space Shuttle Challenger Accident (1986).

His 1965 Nobel prize was in Quantum electrodynamics; the easiest summation is the wobbles of how electron orbits move in relativity to their atomic nuclei.
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/FeynmansWobblingPlate/

Feynman offered $1000 prizes for two of his challenges in
nanotechnology, claimed by William McLellan and Tom Newman, respectively. He was also one of the first scientists to conceive
the possibility of quantum computers.

it was his former graduate student and collaborator Albert Hibbs who originally suggested to him (circa 1959) the idea of a medical use for Feynman's theoretical micromachines (see nanotechnology). Hibbs suggested that certain repair machines might one day be reduced in size to the point that it would, in theory, be possible to (as Feynman put it) "swallow the doctor". The idea was incorporated into Feynman's 1959 essay There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom

A defining moment in the history of molecular-scale technology was a 1959 speech at the California Institute of Technology by Nobel Laureate physicist Dr. Richard P. Feynman. "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," he declared in his discussion of the possibilities of molecular-scale engineering. To spur work in that direction, he offered $1,000 prizes from his personal funds to the first person to construct a working electric motor 1/64 inch or less on a side, and to the first person to produce written text at 1/25,000 scale (the size required to print the entire Encyclopedia Britannica on the head of a pin).

The motor prize was claimed in 1960 by an engineer who found a way to construct a very small motor using conventional mechanical techniques. Dr. Feynman had unfortunately set the size limits slightly too large to require breakthrough technology. He paid anyway. The printing challenge took longer; but in 1985 a Stanford University graduate student named Thomas Newman reproduced the first page of Charles Dickens' novel, A Tale of Two Cities, on a page measuring only 1/160 millimeter on a side (20 times smaller than the human eye can see), using electron beam lithography. Dr. Feynman paid that prize enthusiastically, since it had produced technological advance.

http://cssutton.edublogs.org/category/school-stories/
http://cssutton.edublogs.org/2010/04/12/loving-richard-feynman-by-penny-tangey/
He begins working calculus problems in his head as soon as he awakens.
He did calculus while driving in his car, while sitting in the living room, and while lying in bed at night.
—Mary Louise Bell divorce complain

Feynman has a minor acting role in the film Anti-Clock. He is credited as “The Professor.

http://www.foresight.org/SciAmDebate/SciAmLetters.html#anchor378653
From: Carl Feynman
Newsgroups: sci.nanotech
Subject: Re: S.A. Article on Nanotech
Date: 6 Apr 1996 15:28:38 -0500
Organization: Method Software, Inc.
Message-ID: 4k6k5m$lfd@foglet.rutgers.edu>

Here's a letter I sent to the editors of Scientific American a couple of weeks ago regarding the article on nanotechnology. We'll see if they print it.
----Begin quoted material----
The Editors
Scientific American
415 Madison Ave.
New York
NY 10017-1111

Dear Editors:
I was dismayed to read in your April 1996 issue ("Waiting for Breakthroughs") an extended quotation from Richard Feynman's essay
"Cargo Cult Science" used as a critique of nanotechnology. I am sure he would have found such misuse of his idea quite unreasonable. I should know, because I talked with him at length about the prospects of nanotechnology.

As the article itself points out, Richard Feynman saw no basis in physical laws that would preclude realization of the concepts of nanotechnology. To claim that nanotechnology is cargo cult science
because its proponents analyze the capabilites of devices not yet constructed is as absurd as to say that astronautics was cargo cult science before Sputnik.

Richard Feynman did not regard setting "stretch" technological goals as cargo cult science. Quite the opposite. In the course of his 1958 talk in which he proposed manipulating atoms, he offered cash prizes from his own financial resources for breakthrough achievements in working at a very small scale. If he were still alive, I think that he would be pleased to have his name associated with a large cash prize that seeks to accelerate the realization of one of his most exciting ideas. That is why I have participated in defining the conditions for winning the Feynman Grand Prize, and have agreed to naming the prize in his memory.

http://www.foresight.org/GrandPrize.1.html
http://www.foresight.org/GrandPrize.2.html
--LoTs of different Science Contests

Sincerely,
Carl Feynman
Method Software Inc.
Acton, MA

(The writer is a computer scientist and the son of physicist Richard Feynman.)
----End quoted material----
--Carl Feynman
Chief Engineer carlf@method.com
Method Software Inc. (508)635-9238
1 Gregory Ln., Acton MA 01720


The holy grail of nanotechnology is microscopic robotics, capable to
cancer search & destruction & cellular repair.
Nanotechnology is the marriage of Physics, Magnetics, Electronic,
Mechanical & Chemical engineering,
powered by Brownian Motion or sugar consumption.

Cancer Elimination & Life Extension: Museum introductions to Nanotechnology

Many of the laws we are used to in the macro-scale world, change greatly in the microscopic, as we build more upon the atomic level than the molecular/cellular level.

Running the entire mechanism (along with Programing) mainly reflects
upon the mechanical skills of Watchmaking, updated in surprising ways,
such a mechanical memory arrays written into diamond tablets.

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